José Agnello Alves Dias de Andrade

The Amazon is living a climate emergency—droughts strand rivers, floods inundate towns, fires intensify, and heat waves strain people and forests. In this context, ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA)—using healthy ecosystems to reduce climate risks—has become a central promised strategy. This research asks how Indigenous and traditional knowledge is represented and actually integrated in Amazonian EbA initiatives: under what conditions does it count in defining problems, guiding design, and evaluating results? Considering the growing international recognition of the importance of these knowledge systems in the formulation of climate and environmental policy, I examine both the successes and the limits of current integration efforts, with special attention to collaborative approaches that employ conceptual frameworks such as co-production, transdisciplinarity, participatory research, and citizen science in the Amazon. Methods combine a critical literature review, the identification and preliminary analysis of concrete EbA initiatives, and dialogues with strategic actors (Indigenous, public agencies, researchers, civil society). Through a critical literature review, the identification and preliminary analysis of concrete initiatives, and dialogue with strategic actors involved, the aim is to build a robust conceptual framework for future methodological applications that can promote climate adaptation policies that are more plural, just, and epistemically equitable.